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San Gregorio Magno al Celio, also known as San Gregorio al Celio or simply San Gregorio, is a church in Rome, Italy, which is part of a monastery of monks of the Camaldolese branch of the Benedictine Order. St. Augustine of Canterbury and his Benedictines were sent by Pope Gregory I to evangelize England in 597 AD. The 1,100th anniversary of the founding of their order was celebrated here at an evening Lenten Vespers service on Saturday, March 10, 2012. It was attended by Anglican and Catholic prelates, and was jointly led by Pope Benedict XVI, and Rowan Williams, Archbishop of Canterbury. It is located on the Caelian Hill, in front of the Palatine. Next to the basilica and monastery is a convent of nuns and a homeless shelter run by the order Blessed Mother Teresa of Calcutta founded, the Missionaries of Charity.〔http://www.catholicnews.com/data/stories/cns/1200997.htm〕 ==History== The church had its beginning as a simple oratory added to a family ''villa suburbana'' of Pope Gregory I, who converted the villa into a monastery, ca 575-80,〔580 is the date given in (. Christian Hülsen, ''Le Chiese di Roma nel Medio Evo'' (Florence: Olschki) 1927: "Gregorii in Clivo Scauri" )〕 before his election as pope (590). Saint Augustine of Canterbury was prior of the monastery before leading the Gregorian mission to the Anglo-Saxons seven years later. The community was dedicated to the Apostle Andrew. It retained its original dedication in early medieval documents, then was normally recorded after 1000 as dedicated to St. Gregory ''in Clivo Scauri''.〔Hülsen 1927, ''eo. loc.''.〕 The term ''in Clivo Scauri'' reflected its site along the principal access road, the Clivus Scauri, which ran up the ancient slope ((ラテン語:clivus)) that rose from the valley between the Palatine Hill and the Caelian.〔Huelsen-Jordan p257;Topogr. I, 3 p. 231).〕 The decayed church and the small monastery attached to it on the now-isolated hill passed to the Camaldolese monks in 1573.〔((Comunità monastica di Camaldoli ) "San Gregorio al Celio nella storia" )〕 This Order still occupies the monastery. The archives of the monastery were published by the Camaldolese abbot, Gian Benedetto Mittarelli, in his monumental history, the ''Annales Camaldulenses ordini S. Benedicti ab anno 970 ad anno 1770'' (published 1755-1773). The current edifice was rebuilt on the old site to designs by Giovanni Battista Soria in 1629-1633, commissioned by Cardinal Scipione Borghese; work was suspended with his death, and taken up again in 1642.〔Touring Club Italiano, ''Roma e dintorni'' 1965:382.〕 Francesco Ferrari (1725–1734) designed the interior. The church is preceded by a wide staircase rising from the via di San Gregorio, the street separating the Caelian hill from the Palatine. The façade, the most prominent and artistically successful work of Giovanni Battista Soria (1629–33), resembles in its style and material (travertine), that of San Luigi dei Francesi; it is not the façade of the church however, but instead leads into a forecourt or peristyle,〔Confusingly called an ''atrio'' in the TCI guide ''Roma e dintorni''1965:382; such a forecourt on a grand scale was a feature of Old Saint Peter's and other ancient basilicas. The forecourt and the basilica's façade were also rebuilt by Soria.〕 at the rear of which the church itself can be reached through a portico (''illustration, left'') that contains some tombs: these once included that of the famous courtesan Imperia, lover of the rich banker Agostino Chigi (1511), but later it was adapted to serve as the tomb of a 17th-century prelate. A Latin inscription commemorating Sir Edward Carne, the ambassador of Queen Mary I of England and a noted scholar of ancient Greek language and culture, can be made out. The marble ''cathedra'' associated with Gregory the Great is preserved in the ''stanza di S. Gregorio'' in the church; a shrewd and accurate reconstruction of its ancient appearance was illustrated as Gregory's throne by Raphael in the ''Disputà''.〔Philipp Fehl, "Raphael's Reconstruction of the Throne of St. Gregory the Great" ''The Art Bulletin'' 55.3 (September 1973:373-379).〕 The lion-griffin protomes that form its front and appear in Raphael's fresco are continued on the sides in an acanthus scroll. Three more marble thrones of precisely the same model〔Gisela Richter observes that the technique of pointing to create accurate reproductions was not introduced until about 100 BC, in support of her argument that all three thrones are Roman copies.〕 may be seen in the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, Boston, in Berlin and in the Acropolis Museum. Gisela Richter has suggested that all are replicas of a lost, late Hellenistic original; none of the replicas has preserved the separately-carved base that would have continued the lions' legs, very much as Raphael surmised.〔Richter, "The marble throne on the Acropolis and its replicas", ''The American Journal of Arxhaeology'' 58 (October 1954:276-76, and illus.) and ''idem'', ''Furniture of the Greeks, Romans and Etruscans'', 1968:32f.〕 The church follows the typical basilican plan, a nave divided from two lateral aisles, in this case by sixteen antique columns with pilasters. Other antique columns have been reused: four support the portico on the left of the nave that leads into the former Benedictine burial ground, planted with ancient cypresses, and four more have been reused by Flaminio Ponzio (1607) to support the porch of the central oratory facing into the burial ground on the far side, which is still dedicated to Saint Andrew. In the 1970s, the Camaldolese monks allowed the Blessed Teresa of Calcutta, M.C., to set up a food kitchen for the poor of the city in a building attached to the monastery. It is still maintained by her religious congregation, the Missionaries of Charity. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「San Gregorio Magno al Celio」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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